Petrol? 156/200/270 Bhp? Mileage? On original timing chain?
Based on a 156 petrol;
can also be a fault with the vanos not pulling forward correctly, vanos gear faulty or vanos solenoid faulty and can be a result of poor servicing regime and these fouled with mucky oil sludge. Flushing can help, but replacing may be required.
However can also relate to worn chain (often referred to as stretched). If the chain has been done recently, it’s in need of timing position checking.
Following the ‘book’ exactly in reference to the pre tensioning to 6Nm prior to tightening the cam bolts is just wrong. The actual tensioner should be used and fully secured, then cams tightened to torque value. Engine rotated fully twice, cam locking kit refitted and gap checked. Then angle torqued to final tension.
Timing chain out of position is evident in the first pic, the square section of the cam can be seen as not in position by the flag (screwdriver) not being perpendicular, ie at =90deg second pic shows with the timing hold tooling in position and there is an excessive gap, ie cam out of position. Third pic shows timing kit in position and should be able to be located down flat with no forcing. Permissible gap tolerance is less than 1mm (I’ll check exact later).
Timing out can also create an overheating issue, but air locking happening from the leak can. With the overheating, coolant loss there are a few areas for quick check, expansion bottle, thermostat housing (which you’ve done) and thermostat cross pipe, sometimes not done with thermo housing but inevitably gets disturbed and starts leaking, and water pump. A leak may have caused an air lock and with the leak tracked down and resolved, engine bled etc you might be fine. Depending on how long it has been run too hot the head gasket may have failed. Might be worthwhile doing a head gasket test using the fluid test kits available at most autofactors to ass if exhaust gases are evident in the coolant. The colour of the coolant can also be a giveaway, black scum on top and discoloured though with thermo housing just done this may now be clean looking.
Have a pressure test carried out on the coolant circuit, will quickly lead to the point of the leak.